食用昆虫不可能促进新冠病毒（Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2）的传播阅读次数 [3937] 发布时间 :2020-11-02
JIEYI：YAOYUTAI, HUANANNONGYEDAXUESHIPINXUEYUAN
--2019JISHIPINKEXUEYUGONGCHENGDINGYINGCHUANGXINBAN
SHENHE：HUWENFENG, HUANANNONGYEDAXUESHIPINXUEYUAN；
GUANGZHOUWULIANGSHENGWUKEJIYOUXIANGONGSI；
; SHENGWUYUANSHENGWUJISHU（SHENZHEN）GUFENYOUXIANGONGSI
WENXUAN：CENGKAIBIN, SHENGWUYUANSHENGWUJISHU（SHENZHEN）GUFENYOUXIANGONGSI
LAIZIHELANWAGENINGGENDAXUEYUYANJIU（Wageningen University & Research）DEYANJIURENYUAN，Dicke M. JIURENMENPUBIANDANXINDE，GUANYUSHIYONGKUNCHONGSHIFOUHUICUJINXINGUANBINGDUCHUANBOZHEIYIWENTIZUOLEFENXIHEZONGSHU。XIANJIANJIERUXIA：
1．介绍
SHIYONGKUNCHONGZUOWEIYOUXIUDECHUANGXINKECHIXUDONGWUDANBAIZHILAIYUAN，ZHUJIANJINRULERENMENDESHIYE。MUQIAN，ZUOWEISHIWUHESILIAOSHENGCHANZUIHUOYUEDEWUZHONGSHIYONGKUNCHONGFENBIESHIHEISHUIMENG（Hermitia illucens）、JIAYING（Musca domestica）、JIAXISHUAI（Acheta domesticus）、HUANGFENCHONG（Tenebrio molitor）HEHEIJUNCHONG（Alphitobius diaperinus）。YUCHUANTONGJIACHUSHENGCHANXIANGBI，SHIYONGKUNCHONGDESHENGCHANJUYOUHUANJING、JIANKANG、ZIYUANHELIANGSHIANQUANFANGMIANDEYOUSHI。SUIRANZHIQIANOUZHOUSHIPINANQUANJUYIJINGPINGGUGUOSHIYONGKUNCHONGZUOWEIRENLEIHEJIACHUZHIBINGBINGDUQIANZAILAIYUANDEWEIHAI，DANSHIJINNIANXINXINGGUANZHUANGBINGDUDEBAOFASHIDEXUDUORENDUISHIYONGKUNCHONGZUOWEIDONGWUSILIAOSHIFOUHUICHENGWEIXINGUANBINGDUCHUANBOYUANBAOYOUYIHUOHEDANYOU，XIANGGUANDEPINGGUYEZAIJINXINGZHONG。YINCI，WOMENZAIZHEILITIGONGGUANYUSHIYONGKUNCHONGKENENGSHISARS-CoV-2（XIAWENJIANCHENGWEIXINGUANBINGDU）CHUANBOYUANDEJUTIXINXI。
2.关于昆虫作为人类病原载体的分析
KUNCHONGZHIBINGXINGBINGYUANZHINENGGANRANKUNCHONG，ZHEIYUTAMENDESHENGLIJIEGOUJINMIXIANGGUAN，DUIYUCHUANBOYINGXIANGRENLEIJIANKANGDEJIBINGMEIYOURENHEYIYI。GANRANRENLEIDEBINGDUYIBANBUYINGXIANGKUNCHONG，FANZHIYIRAN。ZHIYOUYIXIETEDINGDEXIXUECHONGSUOXIEDAIDECHONGMEIBINGDUHUIZHUDONGGANRANRENLEI，ERFEIXIXUEKUNCHONGDEBINGDUXIANGRENLEIDEZHUANYIJIANGWANQUANSHIBEIDONGDE，DUIRENLEIDEJIANKANGBUGOUCHENGYINGXIANG。
3.食用昆虫微生物群中的病毒
KUNCHONGHEQITARENHEYOUJITIYIYANG，ZAIQITINEIHANYOUDALIANGDEWEISHENGWU，QIEZHEIXIEWEISHENGWUZAIKUNCHONGDEDAGUIMOSIYANGZHONGQIZHEZHONGYAODEZUOYONG。JINGUANZHEIXIEWEISHENGWUQUNLUODEZUCHENGHUISHOUDAOKUNCHONGPEIYANGJIZHIDEYINGXIANG，HEISHUIMENGYOUCHONGRENGYOUYIGEHEXINXIJUNQUNLUO，QIZHONG5%HE11%DEJUNQUNFENBIECONGLUANQIHEYOUCHONGQICHIXUDAOCHENGCHONGQI，ZHEIBIAOMINGWEISHENGWUQUNZAIJIZHUFAYUZHONGQIZHEZHONGYAOZUOYONG。JINGUANKUNCHONGTINEIDISHUIPINGCUNZAIDEBINGDUHUIFANZHIBINGCHUIZHICHUANBO，DANQIWUFABEIGUANZHUANGBINGDUKEDEBINGDUGANRAN。
4. SARS-CoV-2的性质
XINGUANBINGDUSHUYURNABINGDU，XUYAOTEYIXINGSHIBIESUZHUBIAOMIANDANBAISHOUTICAINENGJINRUSUZHUXIBAOJINXINGFUZHI。SHIYONGKUNCHONGZUOWEIWUJIZHUIDONGWU，SHENGLIJIEGOUYUJIZHUIDONGWUYOUJUDACHABIE，XINGUANBINGDUZAIKUNCHONGTINEICHENGGONGFUZHIDEKENENGXINGWEIHUQIWEI。SUOYIZHIJINZAIDUILAIZIDUOZHONGKUNCHONGWUZHONGDESHUQIANGEYANGBENJINXINGDEDAGUIMOWUPIANJIYINZUDIAOCHAZHONGCONGWEIFAXIANKUNCHONGXIEDAIGUANZHUANGBINGDU。
5. SARS-CoV-2在食用昆虫上和昆虫体内存在的风险
BINGDUTONGCHANGXUYAOZHONGJIANSUZHUCAINENGCONGQIZHUYAOSUZHUCHUANBOJIRENLEI。XIXUEJIEZHIDONGWU，RUWENZI，JIUKEYICHUANBORENLEIBINGDU。DANSHISHISHANGDAOJINTIANWEIZHI，MEIYOUZHENGJUBIAOMINGRENHEKUNCHONGWUZHONGCHUANBOXINGUANBINGDU。YINWEIXINGUANBINGDUZUOWEIRNABINGDU，QIGANRANSHIYIYUBURUDONGWUXUEGUANJINZHANGSUZHUANHUANMEIACE2JIEHEWEIQIANTITIAOJIAN，ERJINGUANBAOKUOHEISHUIMENGZAINEIDEGEZHONGSHIYONGKUNCHONGTINEIQUESHIHANYOUXUEGUANJINZHANGSUZHUANHUANMEI，DANQIJIEGOUYURENLEIDEDABUXIANGTONG，WUFABEIXINGUANBINGDUSHIBIEBINGLIYONG，XINGUANBINGDUBIANMEIYOUHUOXING，GENGWUFAZAIQITINEIFUZHI。
GUANZHUANGBINGDUKEYIZAIBUTONGBIAOMIANCUNHUOYIDUANSHIJIAN，SUOYIZAISHINEISHENGCHANDESHIYONGKUNCHONGKENENGHUITONGGUOJIECHUERBEIXINGUANBINGDUWURAN。RANER，ZAISIYANGTIAOJIANDEGAOWENHEGAOSHIDUTIAOJIANXIA，BINGDUGENGYISHIHUO。ZONGSHANGSUOSHU，MEIYOUZHENGJUBIAOMINGGUANZHUANGBINGDUPUBIANCUNZAIYUKUNCHONGZHONG，TEBIESHIYONGYUSHIWUHESILIAODEKUNCHONGZHONG，KUNCHONGXIBAOYUXINGUANBINGDUJIEHEDEKENENGXINGHENXIAO。
6. 食用昆虫生产的工业实践
生产和加工食用昆虫作为食品或饲料的过程中含有传播病毒的风险，故可以从三个方面优化生产过程，以最大限度地减少病毒污染的风险：
（1）XIANZHISHIYONGKUNCHONGZAISHENGZHANGKONGJIANYINEIHUODONG；
（2）JIANSHAOSIYANGZHEYUSHIYONGKUNCHONGDEZHIJIEJIECHUHEYANXUANSHIYONGKUNCHONGDEPEIYANGJIZHI；
（3）BAKONGCHANPINDEJIAGONGGUOCHENGBIMIANMODUANWURAN。
食用昆虫的体积较小，适合自动化的生产加工，最大限度减少了虫与人之间的接触，极大程度减少了饲养员因与食用昆虫接触导致的被动感染。故在生产加工过程中由于直接接触导致的感染风险可以忽略不计。另外，就算万一食用昆虫携带了新冠病毒，病毒也很有可能会在成品的加工过程中失活。目前常规干燥包括160°C热风干燥，以及180°C以上的微波干燥过程（译者注）。
7. 结论
XINGUANBINGDUSHUYUDONGWUTEYIXINGBINGDU，YINWEIJIZHUIDONGWUYUSHIYONGKUNCHONGZAISHENGLISHANGDEJUDACHAJU，XINGUANBINGDUWUFAZAIKUNCHONGTINEIFUZHI。SHANGYESHENGCHANDEKESHIYONGKUNCHONGZAIFENGBIXITONGZHONGJINYOUDELIANGZHONGKENENGDEWURANMOSHI：TONGGUOTAMENDESILIAOJIZHIHUOTONGGUOSIYANGZHEBEIWURAN。GUSIWEIJIZHIYINGFUHEWEISHENGFAGUI，JISHISIWEIJIZHISHOUDAOXINGUANBINGDUWURAN，BINGDUYEBUNENGZAISHERUXINGUANBINGDUDEKUNCHONGTINEIFUZHI。JINGUANSIYANGZHEKENENGSHILINGYIGEWURANYUAN，DANYOUYUSHIYONGKUNCHONGSHENGCHANGUOCHENGZHONGGUIDINGDEWEISHENGCUOSHIHEGUANGFANDEJIXIEHUA（ZUIDAXIANDUDIJIANSHAOLEYANGZHIRENYUANYUKUNCHONGZHIJIANDEJIECHU），ZHEIZHONGWEIXIANXINGHENDI。JISHISHIYONGKUNCHONGBEIWURAN，HOUXUDEJIAGONGGUOCHENGYENENGSHIXINGUANBINGDUSHIHUO。YINCI，GENJUMUQIANDEZHISHI，SHIYONGKUNCHONGZUOWEIXINGUANBINGDUCHUANBOYUANDEWEIHAIKEYIHULVEBUJI。
译者评注：
ZHEIPIANWENZHANGCONGDUOJIAODUFENXILEWEISHENMESHIYONGKUNCHONGBUTAIKENENGCUJINXINGUANBINGDUDECHUANBO，JIECHULERENMENDUISHIYONGKUNCHONGCHUANBOXINGUANBINGDUDEYILV，TONGSHISHIRENMENLEJIESHIYONGKUNCHONGDEANQUANXING，SHISHIYONGKUNCHONGBEIGENGDUORENSUOJIESHOU。
参考文献
Dicke M., Eilenberg J., Falcao J. and van Oers M.M.. Edible insects unlikely to contribute to transmission of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed. 2020, 6(4) 333-339.